TACHS Math : Probability

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for TACHS Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Probability Of Compound Events

When rolling a fair six-sided die and flipping a fair coin, what is the probability of rolling either a \displaystyle 1 or a \displaystyle 6 and getting heads on the coin flip?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle \frac{5}{6}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}

Explanation:

Recall what a probability is:

\displaystyle \text{Probability}=\frac{\text{Number of desired outcomes}}{\text{Total number of outcomes}}

Start by finding the probability of rolling either \displaystyle 1 or \displaystyle 6 on a die. Since there are a total of \displaystyle 6 different outcomes, and we only want these two, the probability must be \displaystyle \frac{2}{6}\text{, or }\frac{1}{3}.

 

Next, find the probability of getting heads on a coin flip. Since we only want heads and there are only \displaystyle 2 possible outcomes on a coin flip, the probability of getting heads is \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}.

 

Since the question wants the probability of both events occurring, you must multiply the probabilities together.

\displaystyle \text{Probability of rolling 1 or 6 AND probability of flipping heads}=\frac{1}{3}\times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{6}

Example Question #1 : Probability Of Simple Events

What is the probability of rolling a one on a fair die?

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 22\%

\displaystyle 16.\bar{6}\%

\displaystyle 6\%

\displaystyle 18\%

Cannot be determined

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 16.\bar{6}\%

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem, we need to discuss probabilities. A probability is generally defined as the chances or likelihood of an event occurring. It is calculated by identifying two components: the event and the sample space. The event is defined as the favorable outcome or success that we wish to observe. On the other hand, the sample space is defined as the set of all possible outcomes for the event. Mathematically we calculate probabilities by dividing the event by the sample space:

\displaystyle P=\frac{\textup{event: particular phenomenon we wish to observe}}{\textup{sample space: total number of possible outcomes}}

Let's use a simple example: the rolling of a die. We want to know the probability of rolling a one. We know that the sample space is six because there are six sides or outcomes to the die. Also, we know that there is only a single side with a value of one; therefore,

\displaystyle P=\frac{1}{6}

Now, let's convert this into a percentage:

\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}=0.1666

\displaystyle 0.1666\times100\%=16.\bar{6}\%

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