Robespierre rose to power with the Jacobins as the second President of the Committee of Public Safety. He is famed for his association with the Reign of Terror, which killed thousands of people. Ironically, the Reign of Terror he unleashed ended with his own execution.

In the final days of the Directory Napoleon conspired with several Directory members to form a coup and form the Consulate as the new French Government. After the successful coup Napoleon was made First Council and head of state.

A Constitutional Monarchy fits this description. This is where an elected body and a monarch both hold clearly defined powers as assigned by a constitution or other document, thus sharing power.

The Prime Minister, as a position, was made in order to be a close adviser of the King, over time the position transitioned to one in the parliament, and to being the leader of the Parliament.

The July Monarchy occurred after the French Revolution. After the fall of Napoleon the House of Bourbon was put back on the throne of France. It was, however, very unpopular, and in 1830 a more liberal branch of the family was put on the throne after the July Revolution of 1830.

Louis XIV moved the royal court, and therefore the seat of government from Paris in 1682. The royal court would stay in Versailles until the royal family was taken prisoner and forced back to Paris following the start of the French Revolution in 1789.

The Estates General was made up of three groups, the clergy, the nobles, and everyone else. The representatives of these groups were called to the royal court when the King wanted to collect taxes. The purpose was to give the people a voice to the king on this important issue.

The three estates in order were the Clergy, the Nobles, and all others. When the King of France needed to raise taxes for the nation he called the Estates General. Often the result would be that the third estate was the one that bore the brunt of the new taxes because the Nobles and Clergy would vote together, and each estate had only one vote. As such the third estate would often find itself as the odd man out.

Oliver Cromwell was a commander of the forces of parliament during the war. After the War he was named Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. He essentially ruled as a military dictator for the rest of his life, and he attempted to make his son the next Lord Protector after his death. Parliament, realizing that they had given up one tyrant for another, put a stop to it and invited a new King to take the throne.

Robespierre was the second President of the Committee of Public Safety. He is commonly associated with the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution as suspected Royalists and sympathizers were killed in the thousands. Eventually he met the same fate as the Reign of Terror spun out of control and caused the Convention to order Robespierre's arrest for attempting to seize control of France.