All AP Human Geography Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #2 : Human Development Index
The HDI (Human Development Index) takes into account the factors of Industrialization. As cities and countries develop, they can improve their industry or add new industry, becoming new industrial cities or new industrial countries.
Which of the following countries can be defined as New Industrial Countries?
England, Brazil, and Australia
Indonesia, Kenya, and Italy
Indonesia, France, and South Korea
South Korea, Brazil, and China
Tokyo, USA, and China
South Korea, Brazil, and China
South Korea, Brazil, and China are all countries which have developed more over the past 10 years, due to their implementation and growth of industry. They are newer on the industrial scene than other countries, such as England or the USA. They are also more developed and more industrial than countries lower on the HDI, such as Indonesia or Kenya.
Indonesia is not a developed country yet. It does not have much industrial regions and is not a new industrial country.
Kenya is still under-developed. It also does not have a new industrial base and is not a new industrial country.
The USA, England, France, and Italy are all highly developed countries with strong industrial bases; however, they are not new to the industrial revolution. These four countries have been leaders of industry for a long time.
Tokyo is a city, not a country. It is industrial and has developed a lot over the past 20 years, but it belongs to the country of Japan. Japan has been industrial for many years and is not new to the industrial revolution.
Example Question #12 : Social & Economic Measures Of Development
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the development of countries based on statistical data of life expectancy, education, and income. While this data is collected country by country, the data can reflect entire regions in a range from very high human development to low human development.
Which of the following regions of the world has the lowest ranking human development on the HDI?
Western Europe
South America
Australia
Sub-Saharan Africa
North America
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest HDI out of any region in the world. It contains mostly underdeveloped countries. Due to the AIDS/HIV virus, this region of the world has the lowest life-expectancy rate, which greatly affects the level of education, income, and overall HDI.
North America, Western Europe, and Australia are the three highest ranked developed regions of the world.
South America, while having some countries that are low on the HDI, overall ranks in the middle of the HDI with some countries reaching the higher levels of the HDI.
Example Question #1 : Gender Inequality Index
Which of these countries scores high on Gross Domestic Product per capita but low on gender equality?
Mongolia
France
Qatar
Brazil
New Zealand
Qatar
Qatar has the third-highest Gross Domestic Product per capita of any country in the world- behind only Luxembourg and Switzerland. But, it scores relatively low on the gender equity scale. This is due to the differences between Qatar’s current economic climate and its longstanding cultural traditions. Based on previous evidence we can reasonably infer that Qatar’s gender equality is likely to rise to a point more in keeping with it’s Gross Domestic Product per capita, but we cannot know this for certain.
Example Question #21 : Social & Economic Measures Of Development
Child mortality rates improved during the nineteenth century for all of the following factors EXCEPT __________.
improved medical knowledge and technology
higher urban sanitation standards
improved agricultural technologies
more widespread beliefs in folk medicine
improved access to medical care
more widespread beliefs in folk medicine
From the nineteenth century onwards, the industrialized world saw a remarkable improvement in mortality rates, especially among children but in all age demographics. The direct causes for this were varied, but included improved medical knowledge, better access to medical care, and improved sanitation standards. Some of the more indirect causes included more food sources due to better agricultural technology, wider social mobility, and more trust in modern science, which led there to be fewer famines and lower infection rates.
Example Question #22 : Social & Economic Measures Of Development
Which of the following is characteristic of Stage 2 in demographic transition?
Both mortality and birth rates are in steady decline.
Both the birth and mortality rates are steady but high.
The mortality rate has declined and stabilized while the birth rate has remained consistently high.
Both the birth and mortality rates have declined and stabilized, remaining consistently low.
The birth rate is consistently high and the mortality rate is steadily declining.
The birth rate is consistently high and the mortality rate is steadily declining.
Stage 2 of demographic transition includes the formation of permanent towns and societies all the way up to the industrialization and formation of large cities. During this time, food has become more abundant due to agriculture, and humans are less susceptible to famine. In addition, medicine and healthcare become available, and hygiene improves, resulting in a decline in the mortality rate; however, birth rates are still very high during Stage 2, while the mortality rate will begin to decline. The population will also begin to increase sharply at this point.
Example Question #23 : Social & Economic Measures Of Development
Which of the following would be characteristic of Stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
A fluctuating birth rate and a consistently high death rate
A low birth rate and a fluctuating death rate
A birth and death rate that are both moderate but constantly fluctuating
High and erratic birth rates with a correspondingly high and fluctuating mortality rate
High but relatively constant birth rate and a fluctuating death rate
High and erratic birth rates with a correspondingly high and fluctuating mortality rate
Stage 1 of the demographic transition is typically pre-historic and occurs when the infrastructure and resources to guard against famine, disease, drought, and other disasters are generally not available (no flu vaccines, no food aid programs, etc.). This results in high and fluctuating birth and death rates, because environmental conditions and epidemics have a direct impact on birth and mortality rates.
Example Question #24 : Social & Economic Measures Of Development
Which of the following best describes the birth and mortality rates in Stage 3 of a demographic transition?
The birth rate has begun to decline sharply but the mortality rate has stabilized and is not showing much change.
The birth and mortality rates have both declined and stabilized.
The birth rate is sharply declining while the mortality rate is declining but has started to level off.
The birth rate has remained consistently high, while the death rate has plummeted and stabilized at a low rate.
Both the birth and mortality rates are declining sharply.
The birth rate is sharply declining while the mortality rate is declining but has started to level off.
Stage 3 of the demographic transition is the continuation of Stage 2, where the birth rate has begun to decline sharply while the mortality rate continues to decline but has begun leveling off. The continued decline in the death rate can be attributed to the increased presence of healthcare and medical facilities in matured industrial societies. The sharp decline in birth rates is attributed to the increase in accessible education for women, which tends to happen in industrialized societies.
Example Question #2 : Changes To Fertility & Mortality
Which of the following is not a consequence of low fertility rates?
Population decline
Smaller tax base
Increase in social programs benefitting the elderly
Slowed economic growth
Reductions in labor force
Increase in social programs benefitting the elderly
Low fertility rates lead to population decline, reductions in the labor force, a smaller tax base, and slowed economic growth. These results actually hurt social programs benefitting the elderly (e.g. social security), which are paid for by taxes that are incurred when people work and spend. In general, a smaller tax base, which is a consequence of low fertility rates, will not facilitate increased funding for social services of any kind.
Example Question #1 : Access To Healthcare, Education, & Sanitation
How is malaria spread?
Air
Humans
Dogs
Fleas
Mosquitos
Mosquitos
Malaria is spread by mosquitos that contain the malaria virus in their saliva. In 2013, there were an estimated 198 million cases of malaria, resulting in over 500,000 deaths (mostly children in the African region).
Example Question #1 : Access To Healthcare, Education, & Sanitation
In the U.S., how much solid waste does each person (on average) produce daily?
12 pounds
10 pounds
8 pounds
4 pounds
1 pound
4 pounds
The average person in the U.S. will produce about 4 pounds of solid waste per day.