A Linguistic Refuge area is an area in which a specific language or dialect has survived because of the area being protected by isolation. These areas are going to be where there is not much influence from outside culture or language due to the landscape or the region. The mountain regions of the world are hard to transverse through and are less likely to have outside influence, allowing languages to survive for long periods of time.

In a city there is a constant flow of different languages and cultural influences coming in and out of the area. This does not allow the language or dialect of a particular city to survive, but rather causes it to conform to the lingua franca, perhaps maintaining unique characteristics, but most definitely adapting other linguistic forms. An example of this is how most major cities in the world use the term "okay" ("ok", or "k" for short), which is an English term. Even in Tokyo, Japan, people are familiar with this phrase and use it on a daily basis as it has bled into their linguistic culture from the western world.

In the United States, there is a mixing of all sorts of languages as the people of the country are immigrants from all over the world. Instead of maintaining one particular language, there is a melting together of all languages represented in a region of the country. For example, even though not all people of Chicago are from a Spanish speaking country, most of the people in the city understand certain Spanish phrases. This is influenced by the large amount of Spanish-speaking immigrants who have settled in the Chicago area. Today, the English dialect spoken in the Chicago area uses Spanish phrases seamlessly on a regular basis, understood by the majority of the people in the area.

On a riverbank, anywhere in the world, it is hard to preserve a particular language or dialect as rivers are traditionally and modernly used to transport goods. As a trade marketplace, riverbanks are constantly influenced by the outside cultures and languages of the world.

At a seaport, the same constant influence occurs as it does on the riverbanks, and for the same reason. Seaports are trade marketplaces. Ships come in and go out from all around the world, using the various languages of the ships' homelands. This influences the dialects of seaport towns to be influenced by international terminology.

The adherents of Shinto reside primarily in Japan, where the religion was formerly the state religion. The citizens of Japan currently have full religious freedom guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan.

During the sixteenth century, both England and Scotland fell under the sway of the Protestant Reformation, although in two entirely different forms. England had many ups and downs, resulting in the distinct form of Protestantism known as Anglicanism, while Scotland developed the Calvinist-based Presbyterianism. Both countries would have pockets of Catholics for centuries, and both nations have seen a rising tide of secularism and reduced religious participation since the twentieth century.

The predominant religion in Central and South America is Catholicism. This area of the world was colonized primarily by Spain, a Catholic country; therefore, these areas of the world account for 483 million people, or 41.3% of all Catholics.

Mormons make up 55% of the population of Utah. This is the most out of any state in the United States. The other religions, while found in minorities in Utah, are not the majority.

Although all of these religions are predominantly Christian, most of them are either majority Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or else have do not have a uniform distribution of any of these denominations of Christianity. South America, on the other hand, was settled by the Catholic empires of Spain and Portugal, and Catholicism continues to be adhered to by the vast majority of the population to this day.

In the sixth century B.C.E., Buddhism emerged in the part of the world that comprises modern-day Northern India. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. He was born in modern-day Nepal; however, he lived much of his life in Northern India.

Animism is the belief that nonhuman elements of the world have a spiritual essence, sometimes even that they have a soul - this can be anything from animals, plants, rocks, rivers, clouds, and so on. As a religious belief it has ancient origins throughout much of the world. But, it is only practiced in any real significant numbers in modern times in indigenous communities in North America, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also practiced by some Pacific Island peoples.

“Brahman” is the name given to the highest state of existence, the ultimate reality of the universe, in Hinduism. As a concept it can be quite hard to grasp, particularly for those unfamiliar with the Hindu faith and culture in general, but it is enough to understand that it is related to the Hindu concept of eternal salvation that can be attained through several lifetimes of good karma and virtuous living.

All of these branches of Protestantism exist in the United States in significant numbers. Many of them are practiced more frequently in certain areas of America than they are in other areas, but for the most part almost all large communities in America will have churches that belong to one of these denominations (another major branch is Baptist, which exists largely in the South). Most of these religions, with the exception of Lutheranism, which traces its roots to Germany, come from the British Isles and were brought over to America in various waves of religious settlement and colonialism.