We know that the subject's family "never criticiz[es] her for her shortcomings," so we need to pick out a noun that means something like "shortcomings." Since "foible" means a minor shortcoming, "foibles" is the answer choice best suited to the sentence's context and the correct answer.

Since the politician spoke truthfully, it can be said that he spoke with “candor,” meaning frankness. Often, we use the words “candid” and “candidly.” They are derived from the Latin word for white, which developed over time into these English words insofar as they mean clean or pure in the sense of not being “clouded” by half-truths or outright lies.

The key thing to note here is that Brandon still has two choices that cannot be eliminated. When someone reaches such a state of decision, it is called a “dilemma,” which literally means two premises (as in an argument). The “lemma” portion is used in mathematics to indicate theorem that is used in the middle of a proof (hence functioning like a premise of sorts), while the “di-” (two / double) prefix should be familiar as found in “dichromatic” (made up of two colors) or “diploid” (a cell having two sets of chromosomes).

While it might be said that Donald experienced any one of the emotions given as options for this question, the key point to note is that he approached those whom he had harmed for the sake of asking their forgiveness. When one is “contrite,” he or she is aware of the guilt of past actions. This would likely lead to the desire to beg forgiveness from any offended parties.

"Gusto" means great enthusiasm or relish. "Patent" means a copyright on an invention. "Parity" means equality or balance. "Quirk" means an oddity of personality or strange way of doing something. "Truculence" means a fight or aggression.

This opposition is not a strong "A / not-A" sort of opposition (like kind / unkind). Instead, it is an opposition that is only separated by a “fine line.” It is best to consider two things that might seem to be alike even if they are distinct (and ultimately opposed). When someone is “penurious,” he or she is either very poor or perhaps just very cheap. The former really does not fit well with any of the potential answers, but the latter, stronger option does pair well with “frugality.” When someone is “frugal,” he or she lives simply, though this need not be completely penurious in a negative sense. There is a fine line between the two—and this is what the question demands!

Since René valued people in this manner, he would judge his uneducated neighbors to be of low value. He would hold them in “low esteem,” literally, “low estimate.” When someone scorns something, he or she values believes it to be of little or now value, particularly with contempt. This is clearly the case with his undervaluing of them, as is indicated by the relative clause “whom he ignored as worthless nobodies.”

"Despite" is a word that tells us that the first half of the sentence is going to contradict or qualify the second half. So we need a word that means the opposite of "insincere," which would be "sincere" or "honest." Another word for honest is "candor."

"Clemency" means mercy or forgiveness. "Fidelity" means loyalty or faithfulness. "Hyperbole" means exaggeration or overstatement. "Nostalgia" means a sentimentality or fondness for the past. "Onus" means duty or responsibility.

Since we know that Linnaeus helped establish the Latin naming convention, we can infer that his system had something to do with organizing knowledge of living things. So, we're looking for a noun that means something like "systematization." While "disorganization" might look like a good initial choice because it includes the word "organization," it is not the best answer choice since the "dis-" prefix means not, so it means "the disruption of an orderly system," and not the creation of one. "Classification," on the other hand, means "the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics," so it is the best answer.