AP Psychology : Individual Psychology and Behavior
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Psychology
All AP Psychology Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #4 : Cognition And Consciousness
Which hormone is most closely associated with sleep?
Adrenaline
Estrogen
Melatonin
Oxytocin
Testosterone
Melatonin
Melatonin is released by the pineal gland in response to circadian rhythms and other environmental clues, like darkness. It causes drowsiness and helps induce sleep.
Example Question #5 : Cognition And Consciousness
During which stage of sleep do night terrors occur?
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 1
REM Sleep
Stage 4
Night terrors are characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. Stage 4 is our deepest sleep stage, so it is difficult for those with night terrors to escape their terror by waking up (unlike nightmares).
Example Question #1 : Cognition And Consciousness
Which brain waves are associated with deep sleep?
Iota waves
Beta waves
Gamma waves
Delta waves
Alpha waves
Delta waves
Delta waves occur during deep sleep (stage 4) and are associated with dreaming. In contrast, alpha waves are relatively slow brain waves that occur during a relaxed, awake state.
Example Question #6 : Cognition And Consciousness
What is the average amount of sleep adults get each night?
7 hours
8 hours
6 hours
10 hours
8 hours
The average amount of sleep an adult gets is 8 hours. Everyone is different, however; where some adults function off of 6 hours, others need at least 9 hours or more to feel healthy and awake.
Example Question #7 : Cognition And Consciousness
What functions are directly related to circadian rhythm?
Mental functioning, hormones, and physical fitness
Heart, intestinal, and skin health
Blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature
Hair and skin health, weight, and muscle restoration
Blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature
Circadian rythm is responsible for the cycles of our blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature. It contributes to our levels of energy throughout the day and is responsible for our descension in sleepiness as night falls.
Example Question #8 : Cognition And Consciousness
What is stage 2 of the sleep cycle?
None of these
Light sleep phase, during which a drop in body temperature occurs
5-10 minute phase, during which we can be easily awakened
Phase 2 sleep happens 90 minutes after you fall asleep and corresponds to deep, resorative REM sleep
Light sleep phase, during which a drop in body temperature occurs
After stage 1, which lasts about 5-10 minutes, is stage 2 during which we slowly enter deep sleep. This stage is still considered light sleep, corresponds to a drop in body temperature. We can still be woken up fairly easily. Stage 3 is when we enter heavier, deep sleep.
Example Question #3 : Biology Of Sleep
Which of the following can occur during REM sleep?
Intense dreams
Quickened heart rate
Quickened breathing
All of these
All of these
REM is arguably the most important stage of sleep, and it is the last stage of our sleep cycle until it repeats all over again. Due to the heightened activity in our brains, we may have more intense dreams during this period. Also during this time, our heart rate and breathing quickens, and our body restores itself.
Example Question #11 : Biology Of Sleep
What is insomnia?
A psychological disorder in which an underlying trauma keeps one awake at night
A sleep disorder in which the affected person's circadian rythm is disrupted to the point that the body does not know when it should be asleep
A sleep disorder in which the affected person may not be able to fall asleep, and keeps waking up during the night
A psychological disorder in which the affected person cannot sleep due to paranoid or obsessive thinking
A sleep disorder in which the affected person may not be able to fall asleep, and keeps waking up during the night
Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which the affected person may not be able to fall asleep, and keeps waking up during the night. It affects a significant percentage of Americans, and is mostly caused by stress or some other underlying condition. It is often treated with medications or behavioral therapy.
Example Question #12 : Biology Of Sleep
Which of the following follows a circadian rhythm?
Learning
Dreaming
Sleep
Drug absorption
Eating
Sleep
A circadian rhythm is any process that abides by a 24-hour rhythm. It is best known for helping to tell our bodies when they need sleep. Having a disrupted circadian rhythm is related to negative health outcomes, including various neurological and cardiological problems.
Example Question #13 : Biology Of Sleep
When are hypnagogic sensations most likely to be experienced?
REM
NREM-4
NREM-2
NREM-1
NREM-3
NREM-1
Sleep occurs in 4 stages, NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3, and REM.
It's during the first stage of sleep (NREM-1) that you may experience images that resemble hallucinations. These experiences occur without a sensory stimulation and can sometimes be later incorporated into one's memories.
All AP Psychology Resources
